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Breaking Barriers: The story of the first Black students at a Mississippi Baptist college
Copyright by Robert C. Rogers
On March 5, 1965, the trustees of William Carey College (now William Carey University) voted to comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, promising not to discriminate based on “race, color, or national origin.” Thus, the Baptist college became the first Southern Baptist institution in Mississippi to racially integrate.
Carey’s president, Dr. J. Ralph Noonkester, contacted the principal of Hattiesburg’s Rowan High School to recruit the first Black students. The principal spoke to the parents of Linda Williams and Vermester Jackson, two honors graduates, and their parents approached each young lady about the possibility of becoming the first Black students at Carey.
Neither Linda nor Vermester had considered the possibility. Although her own grandmother had been a housekeeper at the college for years, it never occurred to Linda that she would be a student there. Linda responded to her parents, “We go where?” She had planned to go to Mississippi Valley State, a historically Black college where she had friends.
Vermester already had a scholarship to Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois, when her parents approached her about going to college at Carey. “My mother said, there are lots of kids who can’t go anywhere with a scholarship like you can,” implying that she could break the color barrier for other students if she went to Carey. “We decided to do it.”
“We had no idea what danger we were in,” said Linda. Unknown to either girl, the night before their first day at school, the Ku Klux Klan burned a cross on the lawn of President Noonkester. That night, Black residents in their neighborhood slept with shotguns by their beds, something Vermester’s parents only told her later. Linda said, “My Dad was apprehensive; he feared a firebombing of our yard.”
Linda and Vermester lived near the campus, on opposite ends of Royal Street. Linda said, “I lived on the west end, and she lived on the east end of the street, so we met up at Tuscan Avenue and we both walked to school.” Vermester remembered smelling something, but didn’t know about the cross-burning, as it had been cleaned up. As they walked up to Tatum Court on the Carey campus, Linda asked her, “Girl, are you scared?” Right then, they saw a Black maid cleaning the stairs, who said, “We’re watching out for y’all.” The maid was right. In fact, Linda says, “We had five young Christian women [students] who met us on campus and led us around to show us our buildings. It was very comforting to know we didn’t have to do it alone. That made the transition pretty easy.” Vermester added, “That first day, every time I turned around, I could see Dr. Noonkester. He would stop and ask how things were going.”
At the same time, their friend Gwendolyn Elaine Armstrong was one of two Black students integrating Hattiesburg’s other college, Southern Miss. Armstrong and the other Black students at Southern Miss had to have protection from the National Guard, and she told Vermester that students were spitting on them. “But we didn’t have any group that showed hatred or disapproval,” said Linda. “I remember some heckling,” she added, but compared to their high school classmates’ experience at Southern Miss, they would say to each other, “Girl, we’re blessed.”
Vermester was a math and English major, and Linda was a business major, so they only had one or two classes together, including an English composition class. When they walked into that classroom, a young man got up and left. Years later, Linda met the same man when he came to pay his bill at Mississippi Power Company where she was working. Recognizing her, he apologized. Another memory both Linda and Vermester had of that class together was how their teacher pronounced the word “Negro” in a short story she was reading, so it sounded more like the N-word.
Despite having few classes together, both girls studied hard and were encouraged by the faculty to join organizations and get involved. Their greatest encouragement, however, came from their families and the Black community. Their parents made sacrifices for them, such as relieving them of chores, so they could study. Neighbors would ask, “Do you need any help?” The second semester some Black students transferred in from Prentiss Institute and Mississippi Valley State, making at least five Black students on campus. The following year, Black enrollment increased a good bit, and some of their classmates from Rowan High School came.
Their junior year, Linda transferred to Mississippi Valley State “to experience dorm life,” but she decided she wasn’t going to let Vermester walk across the stage at graduation by herself, so she returned to Carey for graduation. By the time they graduated in 1969, there were photographs of 76 Black students in the Carey yearbook. They were from all of Mississippi, but most were from Hattiesburg.
After college, Linda and Vermester went separate ways. Vermester married Mr. Bester and taught math in the Hattiesburg Public Schools, retiring from Hattiesburg High School. She never talked about being one of the first Black students at William Carey University. She said, “For the longest time, it didn’t occur to me what Linda and I had done.” Other people talked about it, though. “I’ve had people come up to me and say, ‘If it hadn’t been for you and Linda, I wouldn’t have been able to go to school.’ It warms my heart.” She is proud to say that her grandson, Cory Bester, graduated from Carey.
Linda eventually moved out of state, living many years in Minnesota before retiring in Pensacola, Florida, where she resides today. “I’ve had men and women tell us, if you had not done this, we would not have gotten our degrees. I had a young lady I babysat, who later got her doctorate there. I have a niece and a nephew who went to Carey,” says Linda. Two scholarships to William Carey University have been established in their names, one a partial scholarship and the other a full scholarship.
However, Linda did not receive her own diploma. A mix-up over her transfer to Valley State and back to Carey somehow caused her to miss 3 hours credit that she thought she had when she walked across the graduation stage in 1969. Back then, they would mail the real diploma after graduation, but she never received it. In 2024, she and her son were on the Carey campus and met the current president, Dr. Ben Burnett. When they explained what happened, he said, “We’re going to fix that.” On May 10, 2024, Linda Williams was the last person to walk across the stage of the graduation ceremony at William Carey University, and she received her diploma at last. “They gave me two standing ovations. It was like I was graduating all over again! It was so surreal. Dr. Noonkester’s son, Myron, had the honor of giving me the diploma his Dad would have given me,” said Linda. Linda thought of her grandmother, who was a housekeeper at the college when it was known as Mississippi Woman’s College. “She would have loved to have seen that happen to me.”
Vermester says, “What I treasure most is that William Carey College lived up to the Christian spirit. Somehow, they managed to make it happen, in a way that benefitted us and our community.”
SOURCES: Linda Williams, telephone interview by author, February 7, 2026; Vermester Jackson Bester, in-person interview by author, February 4, 2026; Robert C. Rogers, Mississippi Baptists: A History of Southern Baptists in the Magnolia State (Mississippi Baptist Convention Board, 2025), 224-225.
The chaotic 1930 special session of the Miss. Baptist Convention
Copyright by Robert C. Rogers and the Mississippi Baptist Convention Board.
On July 15, 1930, an unprecedented second special session of the Mississippi Baptist Convention met in Newton, attended by 318 messengers. It turned into chaos.
(A first special session had been held in April to respond to the problems of the Great Depression by closing Clarke College and moving the Mississippi Baptist Orphanage to the campus of Clarke; however, some legal matters were not handled, so a second special session was called.)
This second special session erupted into a chaotic state of confusion, described by The Baptist Record as featuring “unanimous disagreement, often vociferously expressed.” MBCB executive R.B. Gunter made a plea for harmony, but it went unheard. W.N. Taylor of Clinton presented resolutions to continue Clarke College and keep the orphanage near Jackson, in effect to rescind the vote of the previous session. Convention president Gates ruled the resolutions out of order, but a challenge was made to his ruling; the messengers voted 164-154 to sustain his ruling. Next, M.P. Love of Hattiesburg moved that the property of the orphanage be mortgaged to pay the debts of Clarke College, but his resolutions were voted down. At a stalemate, the messengers then adjourned to dinner.
The Baptist Record commented that the only thing the messengers agreed about was that “the people of Newton and vicinity furnished a good dinner.” After dinner, the messengers returned and reversed their earlier actions. This time, Gates’ ruling was overturned. Next, the messengers adopted Taylor’s resolutions, voting to keep the orphanage in Jackson and to re-open Clarke College. To pay for it, the messengers authorized the trustees to borrow the money, using the property of the college and orphanage as security. In addition, they pledged an extra $10,000 each to Blue Mountain College and Mississippi Woman’s College. The debacle of these two special sessions taught Mississippi Baptists a lesson they had not learned from the 1892 convention (which attempted to relocate Mississippi College, only to have it overturned later): attempts to operate their institutions from the floor of the convention could lead to great confusion and chaos.
(Dr. Rogers is the author of the new book, Mississippi Baptists: A History of Southern Baptists in the Magnolia State.)
The beginnings of William Carey University
Copyright by Robert C. Rogers and the Mississippi Baptist Convention Board.
Since Mississippi College was an all-male school, Mississippi Baptists were looking to sponsor a college for women in the early twentieth century, and the opportunity fell into their lap in Hattiesburg.1
A group of New Orleans businessmen had founded South Mississippi College in Poplarville in 1906, and then immediately moved it to land in the south part of Hattiesburg. Under the leadership of William I. Thames, it quickly grew, but then tragedy struck. On the night of February 28, 1910, a devastating fire destroyed the main building, eliminating classrooms, the library, and the auditorium. The school was forced to close. In 1911, W. S. F. Tatum, a wealthy lumberman and Methodist layman, bought the 10 acres and remaining two buildings. Tatum offered the property to the State of Mississippi for a “Normal College” (teacher’s college), but the site was rejected by the State. He then offered the property to his fellow Methodists, but they chose not to build another college, since they already had Millsaps College in Jackson. He then offered it to as a gift to the four Baptist churches in Hattiesburg. Those churches accepted the offer, formed a corporation, and the trustees hired W. W. Rivers from Arkansas to become president. Rivers secured a faculty, recruited students, and opened the school in September 1911 under a new name, Mississippi Woman’s College. They offered the debt-free college to the Mississippi Baptist Convention, and it was accepted by the State Convention on November 23, 1911.2
John L. Johnson, Jr. served as president of Mississippi Woman’s College from 1912-1921, and during his administration an administration building, Tatum Court, was completed in 1914, and brick dormitories, Ross and Johnson Halls, were added, as well as an infirmary and a model home to be used as a laboratory for domestic science classes. Enjoying rapid growth in enrollment, the campus expanded to 40 acres, and gained accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1926. By 1929, the college had 500 students. This school later became William Carey University, which will be the subject of a future blog post.3
Dr. Rogers is currently writing a new history of Mississippi Baptists.
SOURCES:
1 Minutes, Mississippi Baptist Convention, 1900, 63.
2 Donna Duck Wheeler, William Carey College: The First 100 Years (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), 8, 16-17; Minutes, Mississippi Baptist Convention, 1911, 55-56.
3 Wheeler, 8; Minutes, Mississippi Baptist Convention, 1919, 22-23; 1929, 55.
Bob Rogers 